IMPORTANCE
OF STEREOCHEMISTRY IN MEDICINCE
BHANU
KIRAN
STUDENT
OF NIT WARANAGAL
Abstract:
There
are medicines that are used in present scenario to treat covid-19 but not only
that there are many medicines to treat many diseases & problems. But some
of them may also cause side effects this due to many reasons one of the reasons
for that is structural property of medicine. In this we are going to discuss
about Thalidomide medicine structural property that is stereochemistry and its
causes, and how its stereochemistry is important in medicine.
Introduction:
We know that world is moving towards the
modernisation in every field. There are many inventions are taking place but
some of them might have some negative effect. This kind of aspect we can also
see in pharmaceutical field, that some medicines also have side effects this
may due to many reasons one of them is structural property, so there is a need
to study stereochemistry of medicine.
Thalidomide, first launched in 1957 by western germen company Grunthal, marketed as sedative, it is administrated orally[1] later it was discovered that it also cures nausea. Hence soon the medicine began to prescribed to pregnant lady for to treat morning sickness[2], this is used as tranquilizer. After some years later it was identified that it is causing malformation of the limbs[3] in the child born to the ladies which are using Thalidomide.
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 A) Thalidomide molecule structure |
 B) Thalidomide effected Boy
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On research on this Thalidomide molecule, it
came to know that it has a chiral carbon atom which is causing to produce enantiomers
which is a stereoisomer they are R- Thalidomide and S-Thalidomide. It was
noticed that R-isomer is acting as drug molecule where as S-isomer is acting as
poisonous which is a teratogenic in nature.
Therefore, FEDARAL DRUG AUTHORITY
resoluted that if any molecule contains chiral centre, it will give
enantiomers, so for that we must separate both the forms and study and then use
it. Even though if the one of the isomers is acting as drug and another is even
inactive, we should not use the inactive form along with active isomer because
the inactive isomer may cause effect after long time of duration.
Conclusion:
It came to known that there is a continuous
need require to study the stereoisomerism of every molecule which we are going
to use in medicine.
References:
World
Health Organisation model list of essential medicine:21st list
2019.
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